主持人语:近年来,近代史学界出现了“眼光向下”的趋向,即将研究的视角及重点“自上而下”移转,由以前关注上层社会、社会精英及政治经济等主流领域转而热衷于探讨社会下层民众的生活状态、社会心理及群体属性。其实,在这个“向下”的过程中,社会中间层也应该纳入,诸如近代的教 Moderator: In recent years, there has been a tendency of “looking downwards” in the field of modern historiography. That is to say, the research perspective and the key “top-down” shift will be shifted from focusing on the mainstream areas such as upper-class society, social elites and political economy And keen to explore the social status of the people in the lower reaches of the state, social psychology and group attributes. In fact, in this process of “downward”, the social middle ground should also be included, such as modern teaching