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目的通过对重庆市活禽市场从业人员进行人禽流感防控知识和职业防护行为调查,结合环境禽流感病毒监测结果,评价该人群感染禽流感风险,为制定该类人群人禽流感防控提供科学依据。方法选取重庆市8个区(县)14家禽市场,采用自行设计问卷,对从业人员开展人禽流感防控知识、行为调查;用现场查看和访谈方式收集活禽市场现状与管理情况。结果 96名活禽市场从业人员人禽流感防控知识的总知晓率为18.5%,对传染源、相关疫苗、高危人群、传播途径和早期症状的知晓率分别为41.9%、21.3%、10.4%、7.3%和5.2%。主要途径为电视(94.8%)和网络(26.0%)。从业人员工作时佩戴口罩、手套、工作服和防护鞋的比例分别为5.2%、13.1%、28.7%和45.2%,接触禽类后有91.7%的人用水洗手。有30.2%选择去正规医疗机构诊治,有36.8%的人会主动告知涉禽职业。活禽市场管理不到位,消费者可零距离挑选活禽。2014年在调查的活禽市场环境标本禽流感阳性率为34.7%(247/711),其中H5亚型阳性率为18.3%(130/711)、H9亚型阳性率为16.5%(117/711)。结论重庆市部分活禽市场未进行规范管理,从业人员人禽流感相关知识知晓率低,防护意识和行为较差,存在较高感染风险。
Objective To investigate the prevention and control of bird flu in the live poultry market in Chongqing by investigating the knowledge of prevention and control of bird flu and occupational protection behaviors in the live poultry market in Chongqing and to combine with the monitoring results of environmental bird flu virus to evaluate the risk of bird flu in this population. Scientific basis. Methods 14 poultry markets in 8 districts (counties) of Chongqing were selected. The self-designed questionnaire was used to investigate the knowledge and behavior of prevention and control of bird flu in practitioners. The status and management of live poultry market was collected by on-site inspection and interview. Results The total awareness rate of bird flu prevention and control among 96 live poultry market employees was 18.5%. The awareness rates of infection sources, related vaccines, high-risk groups, transmission routes and early symptoms were 41.9%, 21.3% and 10.4% , 7.3% and 5.2% respectively. The main channels are television (94.8%) and internet (26.0%). Workers engaged in work wear masks, gloves, overalls and protective footwear were 5.2%, 13.1%, 28.7% and 45.2%, respectively, and 91.7% of those who contacted the birds washed their hands with water. 30.2% chose to go to the regular medical institutions for diagnosis and treatment, and 36.8% of them voluntarily informed Waffen-occupations. Live poultry market management is not in place, consumers can choose from live poultry zero distance. The positive rate of avian influenza in the live poultry market environment survey in 2014 was 34.7% (247/711), of which the positive rate of H5 subtype was 18.3% (130/711) and the positive rate of H9 subtype was 16.5% (117/711 ). Conclusion Some live poultry markets in Chongqing are not under standardized management. The awareness rate of bird flu related knowledge among practitioners is low, awareness and behaviors are poor, and there is a high risk of infection.