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N2O是主要的温室气体之一,它在对流层中具有破坏臭氧的作用,因此,N2O的消除越来越引起人们的重视。N2O的直接催化分解是公认的消除N2O污染的最有前景的方法之一,具有操作简单、成本低、不需引入其他杂质、不产生二次污染等特点。本文综述了近年来在N2O催化分解领域广受关注的几类催化剂的最新研究进展,包括金属氧化物催化剂、负载型贵金属催化剂和分子筛催化剂体系,概括了这些催化剂的优点和缺点,介绍了固体催化剂表面N2O催化分解的反应动力学、分子模拟及反应机理。从工业应用角度出发综述了工业生产过程中可能对催化活性造成影响的NOx、O2、H2O和SO2等其他气体对催化剂活性、寿命和稳定性的影响。最后指出了N2O催化分解理论研究及催化剂体系存在的一些问题,并在此基础上对N2O催化分解体系的发展前景进行了展望。
N2O, one of the main greenhouse gases, has ozone-depleting effects in the troposphere. Therefore, the elimination of N2O has drawn more and more attention. Direct catalytic decomposition of N2O is recognized as one of the most promising ways to eliminate N2O pollution. It has the characteristics of simple operation, low cost, no need of introducing other impurities and no secondary pollution. This review summarizes the latest research progress of several catalysts which have attracted much attention in the field of N2O catalytic decomposition in recent years, including metal oxide catalysts, supported noble metal catalysts and molecular sieve catalyst systems. The advantages and disadvantages of these catalysts are summarized. The solid catalysts Reaction kinetics, molecular simulation and reaction mechanism of surface N2O catalytic decomposition. The effects of other gases such as NOx, O2, H2O and SO2, which may affect the catalytic activity in the industrial process, on the activity, life span and stability of the catalyst were reviewed from the point of view of industrial application. Finally, the theoretical research of N2O catalytic decomposition and some problems existing in the catalyst system are pointed out. Based on this, the prospect of N2O catalytic decomposition system is also forecasted.