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自然资源的可持续利用正日益受到关注,尤其在关系到能量和全球碳循环方面更是如此。高生物量作物在提高土壤和水资源质量的同时可以弥补矿物燃料的消耗,并减少CO_2在温室气体中的份额。本文回顾了关于高生物量作物的研究,重点讨论其具体的特性及其对土壤和水资源质量的影响。世界各地的资料都有所考虑,但着重点主要是美国高生物量作物种植的最新研究成果。对资料的研究表明,这对于土壤和水资源质量的短期改变很有前景,但响应各异。表土中有机质含量的升高、土壤侵蚀的减弱、地表径流中养分流失的下降已在短期的研究中得到论证。我们总结认为,尽管有益的潜势已得以体现,但土壤质量与高生物量作物种植密切联系,决定其长期变化的相关资料还不完备。
The sustainable use of natural resources is receiving increasing attention, especially in relation to energy and the global carbon cycle. High-biomass crops, while improving the quality of soil and water, can offset the consumption of fossil fuels and reduce the share of CO 2 in greenhouse gases. This paper reviews research on high-biomass crops, focusing on their specific characteristics and their impact on soil and water quality. Data from all over the world are taken into account, but the focus is primarily on the latest research findings on the cultivation of high-biomass crops in the United States. Research on the data shows that this is promising for short-term changes in soil and water quality but with different responses. The increase of organic matter content in the topsoil, the weakened soil erosion and the decline of nutrient loss in surface runoff have been demonstrated in short-term studies. We conclude that, despite the potential benefits that have been demonstrated, there is not enough information on the long-term changes that have been associated with soil quality and high-biomass cropping.