1963年至1965年之间,在中国部分农村和少数城市基层开展的“社会主义教育运动”,以阶级斗争为纲,混淆两类矛盾,使不少基层干部受到不应有的打击;在意识形态领域,也进行了若干错误的、过火的批判,成为后来“文化大革命”的先声。1964年,胡耀邦同志被任命为中共中央西北局第三书记,兼陕西省委代理第一书记。到任后,胡耀邦从深入的调查研究中了解到,运动中出现了严重的“左”的偏颇,立即在大抓农业生产、改善人民生活的同时,着手纠“左”。不料,耀邦同志的正确举措却受到当时西北局主要负责同志的批评。于是,耀邦同志作了检讨;接着,又受到会议围攻和缺席批判。本期唐非同志的文章如实地写出了耀邦同志主陕纠“左”的历史,可以帮助读者了解那个时期党内民主集中制很不健全的情况,从而深刻领会小平同志关于批“左”、防“左”许多论述的重要意义。 From 1963 to 1965, the “socialist education campaign” carried out at the grassroots level in some rural areas and a few cities in China used class struggle as the key link to confuse two types of contradictions and left many grassroots cadres unwarranted. In terms of awareness In the field of morphology, a number of erroneous and overly critical critiques were made, which became the forerunners of the Cultural Revolution. In 1964, Comrade Hu Yaobang was appointed as the third secretary of the Northwestern Bureau of the CPC Central Committee and the first secretary of Shaanxi Provincial Party Committee. After taking office, Hu Yaobang learned from in-depth investigations and studies that there was a serious “leftist” bias in the campaign and immediately started to correct “the left” while grasping agricultural production and improving people’s livelihood. Unexpectedly, the correct move by Comrade Hu Yaobang was criticized by the chief responsible comrades of the Northwest Bureau at that time. As a result, Comrade Yaobang conducted a review; then, he was attacked and absent from the meeting. This article of Comrade Tang Fei faithfully outlaws the history of the “Leftist” advocated by Comrade Hu Yaobang and helps readers to understand the very imperfect democratic centralism within the party during that period, so as to profoundly understand Comrade Deng Xiaoping’s critique of criticizing the “leftist” , “Anti” “left” many of the significance of discussion.