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A comprehensive review is conducted on the investigations of the forced single-phase convective heat transfer in non-circular microchannels. The observations and results available in the open literature are inspected and compared for better understanding of the physical nature of the heat transfer performance and providing some lines of future research. There seems to be no unequivocal agreement in the understanding on the relative phenomena and the determination of the heat transfer coefficients in microchannels. The study on the interfacial phenomena and interaction at the interface will be the frontier in this area. Appropriate data reduction and the correlating parameters will be the cornerstone of comparability and evaluation for comprehensive investigations. The selection of correlating parameters will actually be the basis for the better understanding and description of new phenomena.