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目的探索氨气接触人员的肺功能的影响程度。方法组织氨气接触(化肥厂)和粉尘接触(制药厂、磷肥厂)作业的所有工人进行体检;用肺功能仪检测用力肺活量(FVC),第1秒用力呼气量(FEV1)、第1秒率(FEV1/FVC)、第1秒用力呼气量占肺活量预计值百分比(VC)。并由专业人员进行问卷调查。结果化肥厂、磷肥厂、制药厂工人慢性阻塞性肺部疾患(COPD)患病率分别为38.3%、24.6%、21.9%。在氨气接触的工人中,COPD患病率随工龄的增加而增高。结论及早发现与治疗呼吸道疾病是预防COPD发生的主导措施,同时在劳动力人群中应大力劝导戒烟,加强对长期从事氨作业工人的防护措施。
Objective To explore the impact of ammonia exposure on pulmonary function. Methods All the workers working on ammonia contact (fertilizer plant) and dust contact (pharmaceutical factory, phosphate fertilizer plant) were examined by physical examination. FVC, FEV1, Seconds rate (FEV1 / FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second as a percentage of expected vital capacity (VC). Questionnaires by professionals. Results The prevalence rates of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in chemical fertilizer factories, phosphate fertilizer factories and pharmaceutical factory workers were 38.3%, 24.6% and 21.9% respectively. Among workers exposed to ammonia, the prevalence of COPD increased with increasing length of service. Conclusion Early detection and treatment of respiratory diseases are the main measures to prevent the occurrence of COPD. At the same time, we should strongly advise smoking cessation in the labor force and strengthen the protective measures against long-term employment of ammonia workers.