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在中国森林经营管理中长期存在着严重的权力与义务的不对称性。目前,正在进行森林经营管理权力下放的改革,其实质是还权于民,还责于政,消除权利与义务的不对称性,达到林业经营者增收、森林资源的扩大再生产和可持续利用的目标。在林业分权改革中,社区居民的充分参与是保证权力下放有效和公正的基础,同时要充分发挥各种非政府组织参与管理的作用;关键是赋于基层政府和林业经营者经营自主权,而林业主管部门必须确立森林利用的最低环境标准,重视权力与义务的对称性。为保障权力下放的可持续性,可通过制度立法或行政指令来实现,并开展系统的、持续的监测和评价。
Long-standing forest management in China has serious asymmetries in power and obligations. At present, the reform of decentralization of forest management is under way. In essence, the reform of the decentralization of forest management and administration is still under way. It is also responsible for the government, eliminating the asymmetry of rights and obligations, increasing the income of forest managers, expanding the reproduction and sustainable utilization of forest resources aims. In the reform of forestry decentralization, the full participation of community residents is the basis for ensuring decentralization of power is effective and fair, while giving full play to the role of various non-governmental organizations in management. The key is to give grassroots government and forestry managers operational autonomy, The competent department of forestry must establish the minimum environmental standards for forest utilization and emphasize the symmetry of power and obligation. To ensure the sustainability of decentralization, it can be achieved through institutional legislation or administrative instructions and systematic and continuous monitoring and evaluation.