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目的评价孕妇接受预防接种健康教育后的中长期行为改变。方法以常住天津的孕妇为研究对象,采用流行病学研究方法,将720名孕妇作为干预组进行预防接种知识健康教育,另选择720名孕妇作为对照组,不对其进行健康教育。通过比较干预后两组人群所生儿童6年内的疫苗接种情况,评价健康教育对预防接种行为的干预效果。结果除乙型肝炎疫苗和7价肺炎疫苗以外,干预组和对照组儿童1岁内国家免疫规划疫苗的单苗及时接种率和全程及时接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),1~6岁间国家免疫规划疫苗的单苗接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),两个阶段第二类收费疫苗的单苗接种率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在孕妇这个群体中开展的预防接种健康教育能够产生长期、稳定的行为干预效果,应积极创造条件加强针对这个群体的预防接种健康教育活动。
Objective To evaluate mid- and long-term behavioral changes in pregnant women receiving preventive health education. METHODS: Pregnant women who lived in Tianjin were selected as research objects. 720 pregnant women were enrolled in this study. Epidemiological studies were conducted to prevent and vaccinate 720 pregnant women, and 720 pregnant women were selected as the control group without health education. By comparing the vaccination status of children born in both groups within 6 years after intervention, the intervention effect of health education on vaccination behavior was evaluated. Results In addition to the Hepatitis B and 7 pneumococcal vaccines, there was significant difference (P <0.05) between the vaccination rate and the timely vaccination rate of the single immunization vaccine in the immunization program vaccine and the control group There was significant difference (P <0.05) in vaccination rate of single immunization vaccines between the age of 6 and 6 years. There was significant difference in vaccination rate between the two vaccines (P <0.05). Conclusion The vaccination health education conducted in this group of pregnant women can produce long-term and stable behavioral intervention effects, and should actively create the conditions to strengthen the vaccination health education activities for this group.