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Researches have shown that cancer stem cells,regulated by the niche where they reside,are the roots of oncogenesis,relapse and metastasis.To date,very few treatments have targeted on cancer stem cells.The authors study that the regulated factors in the niche share the characteristics of yin-yang in the theory of traditional Chinese medicine,which has confirmed its therapeutic effects in the prevention and treatment of cancer.So the authors presume that the mechanisms of traditional Chinese medicine on the prevention and treatment of cancer may be related to the yin yang balance of the niche of cancer stem cells.