近年来，分子生物学诊断和细胞分离技术的快速发展，使得人们可以利用母体静脉血中的胎儿细胞做遗传学诊断，这使产前诊断获得一次飞跃。由于存在于母体血中的胎儿细胞数极少，人们对其许多生物学特性还知之不多。本文将此技术的目前状况，研究进展，临床应用及面临的问题作一阐述。 In recent years, the rapid development of molecular biological diagnosis and cell separation technologies has enabled people to make genetic diagnosis using fetal cells in maternal venous blood, which has led to a leap in prenatal diagnosis. Because of the small number of fetal cells present in maternal blood, many are not well characterized for many of its biological properties. This article describes the current status of the technology, research progress, clinical application and problems faced.