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目的:观察分析产前铅暴露对胎儿及婴儿出生后神经发育的影响,并总结其临床意义。方法:选取382位孕妇,将其随机分为观察组(孕早期干预)203例和对照组(不干预)179例,观察比较两组产妇产前静脉血和新生儿脐血中的钙、铁、锌、铅水平,同时随访跟踪至产妇产后42d,观察评估两组婴幼儿的PDI和MDI。结果:两组孕妇产前钙、铁、锌、铅水平比较存在明显差异(P<0.05),具有统计学意义;观察组新生儿脐血中的钙、铁、锌水平明显高于对照组,铅水平明显低于对照组,差异显著(P<0.05),具有统计学意义;随访发现,观察组婴幼儿PDI、MDI明显高于对照组(P<0.05),具有统计学意义。结论:产前铅暴露对胎儿及婴儿出生后神经发育有一定影响,孕早期进行针对性干预,能有效减少孕期对铅的吸收,降低分娩期血中的铅水平。
OBJECTIVE: To observe and analyze the effect of prenatal lead exposure on the postnatal neural development of fetuses and infants, and to summarize its clinical significance. Methods: 382 pregnant women were selected and randomly divided into observation group (intervention in early pregnancy) 203 cases and control group (non-intervention) 179 cases. The levels of calcium, iron in prenatal venous blood and neonatal cord blood , Zinc, and lead levels. At the same time, follow-up and follow-up to 42 days postpartum, the PDI and MDI of infants and toddlers were observed and evaluated. Results: Prenatal calcium, iron, zinc and lead levels were significantly different between the two groups (P <0.05), with statistical significance. The level of calcium, iron and zinc in neonatal umbilical blood of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (P <0.05). The follow-up showed that the PDI and MDI in infants and young children in observation group were significantly higher than those in control group (P <0.05), and the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusion: Prenatal exposure to lead may have some effect on the neurological development of the fetus and infants after birth, and targeted intervention in early pregnancy can effectively reduce the absorption of lead during pregnancy and reduce the level of lead in the blood during labor.