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本文用四氯化碳萃取法分析了苏联切尔诺贝利核电站事故释放出的131 Ⅰ对新疆地区牛奶、羊奶、人奶和牧草的污染水平及动态变化规律。结果表明,污染从1986年5月8日开始,5月10～16日为污染高峰期,持续四十天左右降至本底水平。~(131)Ⅰ对牧草、牛奶、羊奶、人奶的最大污染水平分别为504Bq·Kg~(-1),44,56和5(Bq·L~(-1))。并估算了经奶类食入~(131)Ⅰ所致成人和婴儿的最大待积有效剂量当量分别为1.1和117(μsv)。这些添加剂量远低于我国放射卫生防护基本标准规定的年剂量限值。对居民健康不致于产生严重影响。
In this paper, the carbon tetrachloride extraction method was used to analyze the pollution levels and dynamic changes of 131 Ⅰ in milk, sheep milk, human milk and pasture released from the Chernobyl accident in the Soviet Union. The results showed that the pollution started from May 8, 1986 and peaked from May 10 to May 16, dropping to the background level for about 40 days. The maximum levels of ~ (131) Ⅰ on grass, milk, goat milk and human milk were 504 Bq · Kg -1, 44.56 and 5 Bq · L -1, respectively. The maximum equivalent effective dose equivalents for adults and infants due to milk intake (~ 131) I were estimated to be 1.1 and 117 (μsv), respectively. These dosages are much lower than the annual dose limit stipulated in China’s basic standards for radiological protection. Residents health will not have a serious impact.