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在经济思想发展史上,资本理论一直是经济学理论争论的核心领域。不论是强调社会关系的古典学派和马克思经济学、还是专注于技术关系的主流新古典经济学,都对这一核心理论提出了不同观点。通过对两种分析传统、尤其是马克思经济学对资本概念及资本理论争论的简单回顾,本文认为新古典理论一系列逻辑悖论产生的原因,正是在于其完全回避了特定资本主义制度及其经济关系所致;相反,古典和马克思经济学强调了现实资本主义经济体系中以预付资本概念所代表的资本与劳动相对立的资本主义经济关系的本质,从而认为科学借鉴马克思的资本理论完全可以用于指导我国当前的社会主义市场经济体制建设。
In the history of the development of economic thought, capital theory has always been the core area of economic theory debate. Both the classical school of Marxism emphasizing social relations and Marxist economics, or the mainstream neoclassical economics that focuses on technological relations, put forward different views on this core theory. Through a brief review of the two kinds of analysis traditions, especially the Marxist economics debate on capital concept and capital theory, this paper argues that a series of logical paradoxes of neoclassical theory are caused by their complete avoidance of the specific capitalist system and its On the contrary, classical and Marxist economics emphasize the essence of the capitalist economic relations that the capital represented by the concept of prepaid capital opposes labor in the realistic capitalist economy, so that it is entirely possible that science can draw lessons from Marx’s capital theory Used to guide China’s current socialist market economic system.