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有碴轨道是铁路的传统结构,它具有弹性良好、价格低廉、更换与维修方便、吸噪特性好等优点。基于这一情况,许多专家认为,从经济角度和维修管理角看,我国铁路250km下都采用有碴轨道。有碴轨道由钢轨、轨枕、扣件、道床、道岔等部分组成。钢轨直接承受由机车车辆传来的巨大动力,并传向轨枕;轨枕承受钢轨传来的竖向垂直力、横向和纵向水平力后再将其分布于道床,使道碴重新排列,保持钢轨正常的几何位置,并通过道床将作用力扩散传递于路基。因此,有碴轨道铁路道床的好坏将直接影响到列车运行的安全。
Ballasted track is the traditional structure of the railway, which has the advantages of good elasticity, low price, easy replacement and maintenance, good noise absorption characteristics. Based on this situation, many experts believe that, from an economic point of view and maintenance management, China’s railways are used ballast track 250km. Ballasted track from rail, sleeper, fasteners, road bed, turnouts and other components. The rail directly receives the great power from the rolling stock and transmits it to the sleeper. The sleeper receives the vertical vertical force from the rail, distributes the horizontal and vertical horizontal force to the track bed, rearranges the ballast to keep the rail normal The geometric position, and spread through the road bed will force spread in the subgrade. Therefore, the ballast track railroad track bed quality will directly affect the safety of train operation.