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在逐渐向我们走来的“机器人时代”里,如何让机器人更好地为人类服务,是机器人伦理研究必须回答的一个重要问题。虽然有的学者反对让机器人成为人工道德行为体,但考虑到机器人的功能日益强大,与人类的关系日益密切,所以让机器人拥有一定的道德判断与行为能力是必然之需,这正是机器人伦理设计所要解决的问题。机器人伦理设计的理论进路有“自上而下”进路、“自下而上”进路、混合进路和关系论进路。关于机器人伦理设计的实践探索,可以分为计算机科学进路、认知科学进路和价值敏感设计等三个方面。道德图灵测试可以作为评价机器人伦理设计的一种方式,但证实方法对于检验机器人伦理设计的效果应该更为合理。
In “Robot Time”, which came to us gradually, how to make robots serve human beings better is an important issue that must be answered in robot ethics research. Although some scholars object to the robot as an artificial moral actor, considering that the function of the robot is becoming increasingly powerful and its relationship with human beings is increasingly close, it is necessary to let the robot have certain moral judgment and ability to act. This is precisely the robot ethics Design problem to be solved. The theoretical approach of robot ethical design includes “top-down” approach, “bottom-up” approach, hybrid approach and relational approach. The practical exploration on the ethical design of robots can be divided into three aspects: computer science, cognitive science and value-sensitive design. Ethical Turing test can be used as a way to evaluate the ethical design of robots, but it is proved that the method should be more reasonable to test the ethical design of robots.