论文部分内容阅读
61. 我早上一到六点就醒，这习惯改不掉了。
误：I can’t get out of the habit to wake at six in the morning.
正：I can’t get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.
析：表示做某事的习惯，英语习惯上用 the habit of doing sth，而不用 the habit to do sth。注意，下面一句 habit 后用了不定式，但它不是修饰 habit 的定语，而是句子的主语：It is my habit to get up early every morning. 每天早起是我的习惯。
62. 他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。
误：He was hung for murder.
正：He was hanged for murder.
析：hang 表示“悬挂”时为不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是 hung；表示“吊死”“绞死”时为规则动词，过去式和过去分词是 hanged。
63. 这本书对小孩来说属不健康读物。
误：The book is not healthful reading for children.
正：The book is not healthy reading for children.
析：healthy 和 healthful 都可表示“有益于健康的”，但是有时我们说的“健康”，不是针对本义而言的，而是用于其引申义，此时应用 healthy 而不用 healthful。
64. 他们根本没有希望成功。
误：They have no hope to succeed.
正：They have no hope of succeeding 〔success〕.
析：hope（希望）用作名词时，其后通常不能接不定式作定语，遇此情况可改用 of （doing） sth。又如：I have no hope of going. 我没有希望去。
65. 不管航程多么短，这一班机上都有些吃的。
误：However short is the journey， you always get something to eat on this airline.
正：However short the journey is， you always get something to eat on this airline.
析：however 表示“无论如何”“不管怎样”时，用法相当于 no matter how，用以修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however 形容词或副词 主语 谓语。又如：Phone me when you arrive，however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
66. 她对他刻薄的话感到很伤心。
误：She was seriously hurt by his unkind words.
正：She was deeply hurt by his unkind words.
析：hurt 既可以表示身体上的“受伤”“疼痛”，也可表示感情上的“伤害”。表示前者的意思时通常用 badly， bitterly， seriously， slightly 等副词修饰；表示后者的意思时通常用 very （much）， deeply， rather， greatly 等副词修饰。
67. 是谁最先想到在这里建核能电厂的?
误：Who first thought of the idea to build a nuclear power plant here?
正：Who first thought of the idea of building a nuclear power plant here?
析：表示做某事的想法， the idea 后通常不接不定式，而接 of doing sth。又如：The idea of not having to get up early every morning is not quite practical. 不必每天早起的想法不很现实。注：the idea 后不接不定式，但是可接“疑问词＋不定式”，如：I had no idea what to say to her. 我不知道对她说什么。类似的用法还有：habit of doing sth 做某事的习惯， method of doing sth 做某事的方法， possibility of doing sth 做某事的可能性， hope of doing sth 做某事的希望。
68. 人口在过去25年内增加了200%。
误：Population has increased to 200% in the past 25 years.
正：Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years.
析：表示增加了多少，动词 increase 后接介词 by；表示增加到多少，后接介词 to。如：It has increased by 20 percent in price. 它的价格已上涨20%。 His salary has been increased to $3，000. 他的工资已增加到3000美元。
69. 他坚持要回到工作岗位，不再住医院。
误：He insisted going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
误：He insisted to go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
正：He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
析：insist（坚持）后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，遇此情况应用 insist on 〔upon〕 doing sth。记住：insist 通常是个不及物动词，若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on， upon；有时它也用作及物动词，但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是其他成分。顺便说一句，要表示坚持要某人做某事，不能用于 insist sb to do sth，而用 insist on sb’s doing sth，如：He insisted on my staying there. 他坚持要我留在那儿。
70. 他们都坚持说是这个男孩偷了钱。
误：They insisted that the boy should steal the money.
正：They insisted that the boy had stolen the money.
析：insist 后接 that 从句时，可用陈述语气或虚拟语气，其区别是：若表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的内容是一种尚未成为事实的想法，此时从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气（即用should 动词原形）；若表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句内容指的是一种既成事实或完全能成为事实的决心等，此时从句谓语要用陈述语气，如：The doctor insisted that he （should） take the medicine， but he insisted that he was not ill. 医生坚持要他服此药，但他坚持说他没有病。
71. 我们将步行去那儿而不乘车去。
误：We’ll go there on foot instead by bus.
正：We’ll go there on foot instead of by bus.
析：instead 是副词，instead of 是介词。要表示“用甲代替乙”这样的意思，英语用“甲 instead of 乙”。注：这里所说的甲乙可以是名词、代词、动词、形容词、介词短语等。又如：Will you go to the party instead of me?你替我赴宴好吗? Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. 咱们打牌吧，别看电视了。The situation is better instead of worse. 形势是更好了，而不是更坏了。That increased instead of decreased our courage. 那不但没有减弱反而增强了我们的勇气。
72. 他是最不可能说谎的人。
误：He is the person who never tells a lie.
正：He is the last person to tell a lie.
析：上面误句的实际意思是“他就是那个从不说谎的人”，显然与所给中文相去甚远。last 在此的意思“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”（=least likely or suitable），如：He’s the last person to trust with a secret. 他是最不可能保密的人。That is the last thing I should expect him to do. 我怎么也没想到他会做出那种事来。
73. 英国广播公司通常能及时播报新闻。
误：The B.B.C. are not often late for the news.
正：The B.B.C. are not often late with the news.
析：比较：be late for sth 做某事迟到（指到得迟），be late with 做某事做晚了（指做得迟）。其实上句也可以写成 The BBC are not often late in broadcasting the news. 比较：We were late for supper. 我们吃晚饭迟到了（即我们到达时，别人已经在吃了）。We were late with supper. 我们晚饭吃晚了（比如本来该在五点吃，结果六点才吃）。
（编辑 周贞雄）
误：I can’t get out of the habit to wake at six in the morning.
正：I can’t get out of the habit of waking at six in the morning.
析：表示做某事的习惯，英语习惯上用 the habit of doing sth，而不用 the habit to do sth。注意，下面一句 habit 后用了不定式，但它不是修饰 habit 的定语，而是句子的主语：It is my habit to get up early every morning. 每天早起是我的习惯。
62. 他因犯谋杀罪而被处以绞刑。
误：He was hung for murder.
正：He was hanged for murder.
析：hang 表示“悬挂”时为不规则动词，其过去式和过去分词是 hung；表示“吊死”“绞死”时为规则动词，过去式和过去分词是 hanged。
63. 这本书对小孩来说属不健康读物。
误：The book is not healthful reading for children.
正：The book is not healthy reading for children.
析：healthy 和 healthful 都可表示“有益于健康的”，但是有时我们说的“健康”，不是针对本义而言的，而是用于其引申义，此时应用 healthy 而不用 healthful。
64. 他们根本没有希望成功。
误：They have no hope to succeed.
正：They have no hope of succeeding 〔success〕.
析：hope（希望）用作名词时，其后通常不能接不定式作定语，遇此情况可改用 of （doing） sth。又如：I have no hope of going. 我没有希望去。
65. 不管航程多么短，这一班机上都有些吃的。
误：However short is the journey， you always get something to eat on this airline.
正：However short the journey is， you always get something to eat on this airline.
析：however 表示“无论如何”“不管怎样”时，用法相当于 no matter how，用以修饰形容词或副词，其词序为：however 形容词或副词 主语 谓语。又如：Phone me when you arrive，however late it is. 你到达之后就给我打电话，不论多么晚也要打。
66. 她对他刻薄的话感到很伤心。
误：She was seriously hurt by his unkind words.
正：She was deeply hurt by his unkind words.
析：hurt 既可以表示身体上的“受伤”“疼痛”，也可表示感情上的“伤害”。表示前者的意思时通常用 badly， bitterly， seriously， slightly 等副词修饰；表示后者的意思时通常用 very （much）， deeply， rather， greatly 等副词修饰。
67. 是谁最先想到在这里建核能电厂的?
误：Who first thought of the idea to build a nuclear power plant here?
正：Who first thought of the idea of building a nuclear power plant here?
析：表示做某事的想法， the idea 后通常不接不定式，而接 of doing sth。又如：The idea of not having to get up early every morning is not quite practical. 不必每天早起的想法不很现实。注：the idea 后不接不定式，但是可接“疑问词＋不定式”，如：I had no idea what to say to her. 我不知道对她说什么。类似的用法还有：habit of doing sth 做某事的习惯， method of doing sth 做某事的方法， possibility of doing sth 做某事的可能性， hope of doing sth 做某事的希望。
68. 人口在过去25年内增加了200%。
误：Population has increased to 200% in the past 25 years.
正：Population has increased by 200% in the past 25 years.
析：表示增加了多少，动词 increase 后接介词 by；表示增加到多少，后接介词 to。如：It has increased by 20 percent in price. 它的价格已上涨20%。 His salary has been increased to $3，000. 他的工资已增加到3000美元。
69. 他坚持要回到工作岗位，不再住医院。
误：He insisted going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
误：He insisted to go back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
正：He insisted on going back to his work rather than stay in hospital.
析：insist（坚持）后既不能接不定式也不能接动名词，遇此情况应用 insist on 〔upon〕 doing sth。记住：insist 通常是个不及物动词，若语义上需接宾语，要借助介词on， upon；有时它也用作及物动词，但其宾语通常只能是 that 从句，而不能是其他成分。顺便说一句，要表示坚持要某人做某事，不能用于 insist sb to do sth，而用 insist on sb’s doing sth，如：He insisted on my staying there. 他坚持要我留在那儿。
70. 他们都坚持说是这个男孩偷了钱。
误：They insisted that the boy should steal the money.
正：They insisted that the boy had stolen the money.
析：insist 后接 that 从句时，可用陈述语气或虚拟语气，其区别是：若表示“坚持要”“一定要”，从句所指的内容是一种尚未成为事实的想法，此时从句谓语通常要用虚拟语气（即用should 动词原形）；若表示“坚持说”“坚持认为”，从句内容指的是一种既成事实或完全能成为事实的决心等，此时从句谓语要用陈述语气，如：The doctor insisted that he （should） take the medicine， but he insisted that he was not ill. 医生坚持要他服此药，但他坚持说他没有病。
71. 我们将步行去那儿而不乘车去。
误：We’ll go there on foot instead by bus.
正：We’ll go there on foot instead of by bus.
析：instead 是副词，instead of 是介词。要表示“用甲代替乙”这样的意思，英语用“甲 instead of 乙”。注：这里所说的甲乙可以是名词、代词、动词、形容词、介词短语等。又如：Will you go to the party instead of me?你替我赴宴好吗? Let’s play cards instead of watching TV. 咱们打牌吧，别看电视了。The situation is better instead of worse. 形势是更好了，而不是更坏了。That increased instead of decreased our courage. 那不但没有减弱反而增强了我们的勇气。
72. 他是最不可能说谎的人。
误：He is the person who never tells a lie.
正：He is the last person to tell a lie.
析：上面误句的实际意思是“他就是那个从不说谎的人”，显然与所给中文相去甚远。last 在此的意思“最不可能的”、“最不适合的”（=least likely or suitable），如：He’s the last person to trust with a secret. 他是最不可能保密的人。That is the last thing I should expect him to do. 我怎么也没想到他会做出那种事来。
73. 英国广播公司通常能及时播报新闻。
误：The B.B.C. are not often late for the news.
正：The B.B.C. are not often late with the news.
析：比较：be late for sth 做某事迟到（指到得迟），be late with 做某事做晚了（指做得迟）。其实上句也可以写成 The BBC are not often late in broadcasting the news. 比较：We were late for supper. 我们吃晚饭迟到了（即我们到达时，别人已经在吃了）。We were late with supper. 我们晚饭吃晚了（比如本来该在五点吃，结果六点才吃）。
（编辑 周贞雄）