进入9世纪,铁器已普及,垦田技术得到提高,加之政策保障,土地开发得以大规模进行。而开发者不仅包括王公贵族、寺院、还包括了有实力的富豪农民。这个时期富豪农民不仅在农业、商业领域成长为私营田领主,而且还进入政治领域当上了下级官人。不仅如此,富豪农民又与京中贵族勾结共同对抗国家的济贫政策,使国家财政陷入危机。本文拟对9世纪的富豪农民如何成长为私营田领主以及在政治、财政领域与律令国家之间的关系进行探讨。 Into the 9th century, iron has been popular, improved land reclamation technology, combined with policy support, land development can be carried out on a large scale. The developers include not only the nobility and monasteries, but also rich and powerful rich peasants. During this period, wealthy peasants not only grew into private land lords in the fields of agriculture and commerce, but also became lower-ranking officials in the political field. Not only that, rich peasants and the aristocrats in Beijing in collusion with the national anti-poor policy, the state financial crisis. This article intends to discuss how the 9th-century rich peasants grew up as private landowners, as well as the relationship between political and financial areas and the law-ordered countries.