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目的了解精神分裂症患者出院准备度的情况,分析精神分裂症患者出院准备度的影响因素。方法采用横断面调查设计方案,选取四川大学华西医院精神科和成都市第四人民医院精神科计划在1~2d内出院的精神分裂症患者为研究对象,运用一般资料调查表、出院准备度量表(RHDS)和出院指导质量量表(QDTS)进行患者自填式问卷调查。采用多元线性回归方法分析影响精神分裂症患者出院准备度的因素。结果精神分裂症患者初中以下文化程度占42.7%、出院后与直系亲属同住者占89.3%、无业者占27.2%、所在地有方便就诊医院占69.7%;RHDS总分为(152.85±28.45)分,其中自身状况(7.69±1.28)分、出院后应对能力(6.98±1.77)分、可获得的社会支持(6.88±1.82)分、疾病知识(6.27±1.72)分;患者出院指导质量的总分为(126.41±28.04)分,其中出院指导技巧(7.34±1.57)分,出院指导内容(6.39±1.82)分;影响精神分裂症患者出院准备度的因素有:出院指导质量总分、文化程度、出院后的居住状态、职业状况、所在地是否有方便就诊的医院,决定系数为0.449。结论精神分裂症患者出院准备度总体较好,但是对疾病知识的了解不够,预计可获得的社会支持不理想;精神分裂症患者出院准备度主要受出院指导质量和患者文化程度的影响。
Objective To understand the condition of schizophrenic patients discharged for preparation and to analyze the influencing factors of schizophrenic patients discharged for preparation. Methods The cross-sectional investigation design was used to select schizophrenics discharged from psychiatric department of West China Hospital of Sichuan University and Fourth People’s Hospital of Chengdu Municipality within 1 ~ 2 days as study subjects. The general data questionnaire, discharge preparation scale (RHDS) and discharge guidance quality scale (QDTS). Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to analyze the factors influencing the readiness of discharged patients for schizophrenia. Results Schizophrenia accounted for 42.7% of junior high school education, 89.3% of them were living with immediate family members after leaving the hospital, 27.2% of unemployed people and 69.7% of them were hospitalized for convenience. The total score of RHDS was 152.85 ± 28.45 (7.69 ± 1.28), post-discharge coping ability (6.98 ± 1.77), available social support (6.88 ± 1.82), disease knowledge (6.27 ± 1.72) points, and the total score of patients’ discharge guidance quality (126.41 ± 28.04) points, of which discharge guidance skills (7.34 ± 1.57) points, discharge guidance content (6.39 ± 1.82) points; schizophrenia patients discharged to prepare the degree of factors are: the quality of discharged guidance total score, educational level, After discharge from the state of residence, occupational status, the location of a hospital for medical treatment, the coefficient of determination of 0.449. Conclusions The schizophrenic patients ’discharge preparation is generally good, but their understanding of disease knowledge is not enough. The expected social support is not satisfactory. The schizophrenic patients’ discharge preparation degree is mainly affected by the quality of discharge guidance and patient’s education level.