Objective:To evaluate correlation between chemosensitivity of tumor cells in vitro and their clinical responsiveness in vivo by comparing the difference of curative effect between chemotherapy of cerebral gliomas directed by chemosensitivity test in vitro and its routine chemotherapy.Methods:Sixty-two patients with cerebral gliomas were recruited as the experiment group.who had received totat resection or subtotal resection of the tumor.The resected tumor cells were cultured in vitro,followed by chemosensitvitv test using colorimetric MTT assay.Finally,chemotherapeutic protocol was made based on the results of the chemosensitivity test.Fifly patients with cerebraI gliomas subjected fo the routine chemotherapeutic protocol were simultaneously recruited as the control group.whose age.gender,survival functional status and operational fashion were matched with the experiment group.The two groups were equally followed up for the survival functional status.recurrence and death.All data were analyzed using SPSS 10.0 software.Results:At the time of evaluation.KPS values of 64.52±35.84 were seen in the experiment group.and 33.60±36.24 in the control group.showing statistical difference between the two groups(t=4.5163,P=0.000).During 2-4 years of follow up,a recurrence rate of 32.26%was seen in the experimental group,and 60.00%in the control group,showing a statistical difierence between the two groups (χ2=8.620,P =0.003).The fatality was 22.58%in the experiment group,and 48.00%in the control group.showing a statistical difference between the two groups(χ2=7.978,P=0.005).The survival rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group,showing a statistical difierences between the two groups (χ2=7.29.P=0.0069).Conclusion:Chemotherapy of gliomas under the guidance of chemosensitivity test in vitro contributes to obvious improvement on the current survival functional status.a clear decline of the recurrence rates and fatality rate.and raised survival rates of the patients.A close correlation between the chemosensitivity in vitro and clinical responsiveness in vivo is observed.