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小流域暴雨径流的计算是一个很复杂的问题,苏联水文学家对此问题的研究,已获得很大的成就。苏联交通部和公路总局新颁布的径流标准,已使小流域暴雨径流计算理论更加完备。其中推荐的方法不仅可以计算任何或然率的最大流量,还可按水量平衡原理,计算流量过程线和计算桥前积水,并可用实测资料来加以验证。这些新的理论基础和计算方法目前已普遍被我国公路等部门所采用。最近我国公路系统正仿照苏联公路总局1955年的“径流标准及径流和小桥涵孔径计算须知”(以下简称“须知”)制订我国的径流标准,笔者现就该须知中的几个有关问题,提出以下意见:
The calculation of stormwater runoff in small watersheds is a complicated issue. The research on this issue by Soviet hydrologists has achieved great success. The new runoff standards promulgated by the Ministry of Transport and Highway Administration of the Soviet Union have made the theory of stormwater runoff calculation in small watershed more complete. The recommended method can not only calculate the maximum flow rate of any probabilities, but also calculate the flow process line and calculate the pre-bridge water accumulation according to the principle of water balance, and can be verified with the measured data. These new theoretical bases and calculation methods are now generally adopted by our country’s highways and other departments. Recently, the highway system in our country is modeled on the Standard of Runoff and Runoff and Calculation of Small Diameter of Bridges and Culverts of the Soviet Highway Administration (hereinafter referred to as “Instructions”) in 1955 to formulate the standard of runoff in our country. I hereby put forward several relevant issues in this Notice The following comments: