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[目的]了解黑粒小麦籽粒颜色的遗传特性。[方法]配制了黑小麦76、黑小麦18、96-45和line2204个黑粒小麦品种(系)与4个白粒小麦品种(系)9-231、宁春16、宁春17和新春22的正反交共8个杂交组合,观察了F1、F2、F3植株上籽粒颜色的表现,分析其粒色遗传。[结果]黑小麦76的黑粒性状表现母体遗传,均为不完全显性,黑粒性状受2对互补基因控制,F3代符合9(黑色)∶7(白色)的分离规律。line220、96-45和黑小麦18籽粒黑色性状的遗传基因有2对,表现为独立遗传且有互补作用,F2代符合9(黑色)∶7(白色)的分离规律。[结论]可以通过黑粒小麦与白粒小麦品种间杂交分别选育粒色不同的新品种。
[Objective] The research aimed to understand the genetic character of grain color of black grain wheat. [Method] Black wheat 76, black wheat 18, 96-45 and line 2204 black wheat varieties (lines) and 4 white wheat varieties (lines) 9-231, Ningchun 16, Ningchun 17 and Xinchun 22 8 cross combinations of reciprocal cross and reciprocal cross were used to observe the grain color performance of F1, F2 and F3 plants and to analyze their color inheritance. [Result] The black grain traits of black wheat 76 showed maternal inheritance, all of them were not completely dominant. The black grain traits were controlled by two pairs of complementary genes. The F3 generation was in accordance with the separation rule of 9 (black): 7 (white). There were 2 pairs of genetic traits of line220, 96-45 and black wheat18 in grain traits, which showed independent inheritance and complementarity. F2 generation was in accordance with the segregation rule of 9 (black): 7 (white). [Conclusion] The new varieties with different grain color could be bred by crossing between black grain wheat and white grain wheat.