Impacts of 33-yr of application of S-containing and Cl-containing chemical fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and its components were investigated in a red paddy field experiment,south China.The treatments included:1) adding 302 kg SO42--S ha-1 yr-1 with application of (NH4)2SO4-,K2SO4,and calcium superphosphate (SO42-);2) adding 56 kg SO42--S and 176 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of urea,calcium superphosphate,and KCl (Cl-+SO42-);3) adding 516 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of NH4Cl,KCl,and KH2PO4 (Cl-).Under each treatment,the applied N,P,and K nutrients were controlled at conventional rates of 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1,75 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1,225 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1,respectively.Under the S-containing fertilizer application,soil SO42--S content showed a first increasing then decreasing trend with years,and was significantly negatively correlated with annual rice yield.Average annual yield significantly declined in an order of Cl-,Cl-+SO42-,and SO42-.Under the Cl-treatment,soil SO42--S content was maintained at about 26.5 mg kg-1,not showing deficiency.From 1990 to 2000,rice yield declined rapidly under the SO42- treatment,and was significantly lower than that under the Cltreatment.After then,there was no significant difference in yield among the treatments.Our results demonstrated that long-term application of S- containing fertilizer could result in excessive accumulation of SO42--S in the red paddy soils of south China,therefore producing a certain threat to rice growth.The Cl- containing fertilizer could be relatively safe. Impacts of 33-yr of application of S-containing and Cl-containing chemical fertilizers on rice (Oryza sativa L.) yield and its components were investigated in a red paddy field experiment, south China. The treatments included: 1) adding 302 kg SO42-S ha-1 yr-1 with application of (NH4) 2SO4-, K2SO4, and calcium superphosphate (SO42-); 2) adding 56 kg SO42- S and 176 kg Cl ha-1 yr- 1 with application of urea, calcium superphosphate, and KCl (Cl- + SO42-); 3) adding 516 kg Cl ha-1 yr-1 with application of NH4Cl, KCl, and KH2PO4 P, and K nutrients were controlled at the conventional rates of 150 kg N ha-1 yr-1, 75 kg P2O5 ha-1 yr-1,225 kg K2O ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Run the S-containing fertilizer application, soil SO42 - S content showed a first increasing then decreasing trend with years, and was significantly negatively correlated with annual rice yield. Average annual yield significantly declined in an order of Cl-, Cl- + SO42-, and SO42- .Under the Cl -treatment, soil SO42 --S content was maintained at about 26.5 mg kg -1, not showing deficiency. From 1990 to 2000, rice yield declined rapidly under the SO42- treatment, and was significantly lower than that under the Cltreatment. Then after, there was no significant difference in yield among the treatments. Our results said that long-term application of S- containing fertilizer could result in excessive accumulation of SO42-S in the red paddy soils of south China, therefore producing a certain threat to rice growth. Cl - containing fertilizer could be relatively safe.