在经济发展过程中,贵州省城乡居民收入差距持续拉大。虽然近年来贵州省不断从政策、制度、财政等各方面加大对于农村地区的扶持力度,但贵州省城乡居民收入仍然高达4.1:1。二元财政是导致贵州城乡差距的一个重要原因。本文选取了1978年—2010年贵州省数据,通过计量分析证明了财政支出是贵州城乡居民收入差距的一个重要原因。 In the process of economic development, the income gap between urban and rural residents in Guizhou Province has continued to widen. Although Guizhou Province has continuously increased its support to rural areas in policy, system and finance in recent years, the income of urban and rural residents in Guizhou Province is still as high as 4.1: 1. Binary finance is an important reason for the disparity between urban and rural areas in Guizhou. This paper chooses the data of Guizhou Province from 1978 to 2010, and proves that the fiscal expenditure is an important reason for the income gap between urban and rural residents in Guizhou.