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为了避免低温冷凉与干旱对冷凉区春玉米产量形成的影响,探求适宜冷凉区春玉米种植的覆膜方式,于2012—2013年研究了8种不同覆膜方式对春玉米苗期土壤水分、土壤温度及产量的影响。结果表明:玉米苗期,起垄高度5~10 cm、外露50~70 cm的覆膜方式能提高耕层土壤水分,起到良好的保墒作用,0~5 cm土壤日平均温度较不覆膜提高1.5~2.3℃,玉米抽雄期提前6~7天;起垄5~10 cm、外露50~70 cm的覆膜方式玉米产量显著高于不覆膜处理,与全膜双垄沟播、膜上种植处理没有差异;2012年,起垄外露70、50 cm、起垄高度10 cm的玉米产量分别较不覆膜提高17.9%、17.1%、15.6%;2013年,起垄外露70、50 cm、起垄高度10 cm的玉米产量分别较不覆膜提高15.5%、6.4%、18.2%。综合2012、2013年的水热条件、玉米生长及产量情况,起垄高度5~10 cm、起垄外露50~70 cm为适宜该地区的覆膜方式。
In order to avoid the impact of chilling and drought on the yield formation of spring maize in cool area and exploring the suitable way of spring maize planting in cool area, 8 different mulching methods Water, Soil Temperature and Yield. The results showed that the plastic film with ridge height of 5 ~ 10 cm and exposed area of 50 ~ 70 cm could improve the soil moisture at the seedling stage and played a good role in preserving soil moisture. The average daily temperature at 0 ~ 5 cm was less Increased 1.5-2.3 ℃, maize tasseled early 6-7 days; ridging ridge 5 ~ 10 cm, 50 ~ 70 cm exposed film yield corn was significantly higher than the non-coating treatment, and the whole film double ridge furrow sowing, film In 2012, the yield of maize with 70,50 cm of ridge exposure and 10 cm of ridge height increased by 17.9%, 17.1% and 15.6%, respectively, compared with no coating; Maize yield at the height of 10 cm was 15.5%, 6.4% and 18.2% higher than that of the non-coating. Based on the hydrothermal conditions, the growth and yield of maize in 2012 and 2013, the ridge height is 5 ~ 10 cm and the ridge width of 50 ~ 70 cm is suitable for the area.