目的了解和田、喀什地区初中生的体格发育状况,分析其营养不良及超重肥胖发生情况,为本地区初中生营养改善及提高其营养健康水平提供依据。方法 2012-2016年连续4学年于每年10月份,从新疆生产建设兵团所属20所和田、喀什初中学校中,按年级分层随机抽取1个自然班,测量学生身高和体重,记录学生基本信息及体检结果,依据中国儿童青少年消瘦、生长迟滞及超重肥胖的评判标准,计算相应检出率,采用Excel2007和SPSS21.0软件录入及分析数据。结果本次研究共监测学生9 310人,营养不良发生率为10.1%,其中消瘦率6.3%,生长迟滞率3.8%,超重肥胖发生率为10.8%,其中超重率8.5%,肥胖率2.3%。男女生轻度消瘦(5.3%vs.2.8%)、生长迟滞(5.2%vs.2.3%)及超重肥胖(13.8%vs.7.6%)检出率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而男女中重度消瘦率(2.4%vs.2.0%)差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄学生消瘦、生长迟滞及超重肥胖的检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着年龄的增长,消瘦、生长迟滞的检出率呈现增加趋势(P<0.05),而超重和肥胖的检出率有降低的趋势(P<0.05)。结论 2012-2016学年新疆生产建设兵团所属和田、喀什地区农村初中生体格发育水平低于全国及新疆平均水平,男生相比女生更易出现营养不良及超重肥胖,随着年龄增加,营养不良检出率呈增加趋势,而超重肥胖检出率呈降低趋势。 Objective To understand the physical development status of middle school students in Wada and Kashgar, to analyze their malnutrition and the incidence of overweight and obesity, and to provide basis for the improvement of nutrition and improvement of nutrition and health of junior high school students in this area. Methods From 2012 to 2016 for 4 consecutive years In October each year, from 20 Wushu and Kashgar junior high schools belonging to the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, a natural class was randomly selected according to grade. The students’ height and weight were measured. Basic information of the students and According to the physical examination results, according to the evaluation criteria of weight loss, growth retardation and overweight and obesity in children and adolescents in China, the corresponding detection rate was calculated. Data were entered and analyzed by Excel2007 and SPSS21.0 software. Results A total of 9 310 students were observed. The incidence of malnutrition was 10.1%. Among them, the rate of wasting was 6.3%, the rate of growth retardation was 3.8%, the rate of overweight and obesity was 10.8%, of which the overweight rate was 8.5% and the obesity rate was 2.3%. There were significant differences in the detection rates of males and females with mild weight loss (5.3% vs.2.8%), growth retardation (5.2% vs.2.3%) and overweight and obesity (13.8% vs.7.6%), while There was no significant difference between men and women in moderate and severe weight loss (2.4% vs.2.0%) (P> 0.05). The detection rates of weight loss, growth retardation and overweight and obesity among students of different ages had statistical significance (P <0.05). With the increase of age, the detection rate of weight loss and growth retardation showed an increasing trend (P <0.05) The detection rate of overweight and obesity decreased (P <0.05). Conclusions The physical development level of rural middle school students in Wada and Kashgar regions, belonging to Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps in 2012-2016 school year, is lower than the national average and the average in Xinjiang. The boys are more likely to be malnourished and overweight than the girls. As the age increases, the malnutrition detection rate Showed an increasing trend, while the detection rate of overweight and obesity decreased.