在过去的年代里,矿石、矿物、土壤、沉积物、灰份以及玻璃、颜料等制造品中的主量、少量、甚至痕量元素的测定都是用经典重量法、滴定法和分光光度法完成的。近几十年来,经典方法已经大量地被X-射线萤光、原子吸收光谱电弧发射光谱和质子诱发的X-射线分析等多种仪器方法所代替。 In the past years, the determination of major, minor, and even trace elements in ores, minerals, soils, sediments, ashes, and glass, pigments and other articles of manufacture has been done using classical gravimetric methods, titrimetric and spectrophotometric methods Completed. In recent decades, classical methods have been largely replaced by various instrumental methods such as X-ray fluorescence, atomic absorption spectroscopy arc emission spectroscopy and proton-induced X-ray analysis.