4.1 前言降到地面的雨水在流域内聚集起来,很快就流到河里。我们把从降雨到河流流量增加的现象叫做雨水流出。但在这一过程中,在所谓的地表面附近非饱和带的水的活动所起的作用是非常大的。它不仅决定雨水中流到河流而显现部分(有效降雨)和渗透于地下,或者从地里蒸发扩散的损失部分的比例,而且还将有效降雨进一步分为几个流出部分方面赋于决定性影响。本文将以渗透能问题为重点,研究流出过程的概要和其中非饱和渗透现象所起的作 4.1 Foreword Rainwater that falls to the ground accumulates in the basin and quickly flows into the river. We call the increase of rainfall from the river flow phenomenon called rainwater outflow. However, in this process, the action of water in the unsaturated zone near the so-called ground surface plays a very large role. It not only determines the proportion of rainwater that flows into rivers to show part of (effective rainfall) and loss of groundwater infiltrated or dissipated from the ground, but it also gives a decisive impact in further dividing effective rains into several outflows. This article will focus on the issue of penetration energy, studying the outflow process and its implications for infiltration