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本文讨论了王铎的降清及其心态,认为其人格中有较为现实的一面,尤其是其亲友集体投降、弟弟王镆在多铎军中的现实情形,对于王铎的抉择当有所触动。但是王铎降清更深层的原因在于,弘光帝的昏庸与马士英的专权,造成了王铎与他们之间极为深刻的矛盾,这种憎恨使得王铎失去了为这个小朝廷殉节的意愿。本文还以王铎为的中心,讨论了仕清贰臣的悔恨情绪与自我沉沦,以及他们的自我解脱与相互回护,指出这种努力是在特定的历史情境下,贰臣群体寻求心理安宁与身份认同的渠道。这种努力并不指向新朝的认同,而是弥漫于明遗民之间的以及可以预期的后世指责。
This article discusses the reduction of Wang Duo and his mentality. He believes that there is a more realistic aspect of his personality, especially the collective surrender of his relatives and friends, the actual situation of Wang Di in the Duodu military, and the decision of Wang Duo to be touched . However, the reason why Wang Duo cleared out more deeply lies in the fact that Emperor Hongguang’s coma and Ma Shi-ying’s exclusive rights created a very profound contradiction between Wang Duo and them. This hatred made Wang Duo lose his will to die for this small court. This article also takes Wang Duo as the center and discusses the remorse and self-degradation of Shi Qing’s elite, as well as their self-escapism and mutual protection, pointing out that such efforts are seeking peace of mind in a given historical situation And the identity of the channel. Such efforts do not point to the identification of the new DPRK, but to perpetuated and predictable future accusations between Ming adherents.