婴幼儿铁缺乏除引起贫血外，还可引起全身性、尤其是神经系统的永久性损害。出生体重３ｋｇ、一岁时体重１０ｋｇ的小儿在一岁以前需要补充２７０～２８０ｍｇ铁才能维持正常的铁储备。母乳中的铁的生物利用率为５０％，牛奶中的铁只有１０％被吸收。因此母乳喂养至少应维持到５～６个月，否则应额外补充铁。轻度缺铁性贫血诊断比较困难，较灵敏的方法是测定红细胞分布宽度和补铁治疗试验。 In addition to iron deficiency in infants and young children caused by anemia, but also can cause systemic, especially the permanent damage to the nervous system. Birth weight 3kg, one year old weight 10kg in children before the age of one need to add 270 ~ 280mg iron to maintain normal iron reserves. The bioavailability of iron in breast milk is 50% and only 10% of the iron in milk is absorbed. Therefore, breastfeeding should be maintained at least 5 to 6 months, or should be an additional iron. Diagnosis of mild iron deficiency anemia is more difficult, the more sensitive method is to determine the distribution width of red blood cells and iron treatment trials.