本文研究了众所周知的结构阻尼模型和较少为人所知的粘性刚度模型。文中指出,采用普通的结构阻尼模型的运动方程,其根呈现负阻尼.对于这些模型提出了避免上述弊病而首次可用于瞬态响应计算的新定义。文中提出一种应用复模态的高效计算方法。所得结果与采用等效粘性阻尼模型的结果作了对比,发觉后者对高阶模态提供的阻尼过大。根据两种模型预计的峰值响应显著不同。 This article studies the well-known structural damping model and the less known model of viscous stiffness. It is pointed out that the equations of motion of a common structural damping model show negative damping at the root, and a new definition of these equations that can be used for transient response calculation for the first time is proposed. In this paper, an efficient method of computing complex modes is proposed. The results obtained are compared with the results obtained using the equivalent viscous damping model and the latter is found to provide too much damping of the higher modes. The expected peak response is significantly different from the two models.