我国城乡居民在交通目的、领域、方式、时间、空间等5个方面既存在相同之处也存在差异。这种差异是由城乡地区不同的经济资本、职业性质、当地交通设施等物质原因和消费者的交通观念、交通习俗等精神原因造成的。对城乡居民交通消费差距及其致因的认识有利于我国交通体系的建设。 Urban and rural residents in China have similarities and differences in five aspects of traffic purpose, field, mode, time and space. This difference is caused by different economic capital in urban and rural areas, occupational nature, local transportation facilities and other material reasons and consumer’s traffic concept, traffic custom and other spiritual reasons. The understanding of the urban and rural residents’ transportation consumption gap and its cause is beneficial to the construction of China’s transportation system.