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目的比较不同类型高校大学生体育锻炼行为,为促进大学生体育锻炼行为改善提供参考。方法采用随机整群抽样的方法,抽取山西省理工类、医科类、综合类及财经类4所高校的873名大学生进行体育锻炼情况的问卷调查。结果不同体育锻炼阶段的人数分布整体呈倒U型,意向阶段(32.8%)和准备阶段(23.5%)的人数最多,意向前阶段(21.0%)和维持阶段(7.9%)的人数最少。4类高校大学生体育锻炼态度总量表及行为认知、情感体验、行为控制感3个维度上的得分差异均有统计学意义(F值分别为5.49,8.31,6.78,5.75,P值均<0.01),且财经类高校大学生体育锻炼态度最差。4类高校大学生体育锻炼变化程序除互助联系外,总得分及各维度得分差异均具有统计学意义(P值均<0.01),且财经类高校大学生的体育锻炼行为最差。结论在实施行为干预时,结合健康行为过程取向理论可有效改变大学生体育锻炼行为,但须考虑性别、专业等影响因素。
Objective To compare the physical exercise behaviors of undergraduates in different types of colleges and universities to provide reference for the improvement of college students’ physical exercise behaviors. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to collect questionnaires from 873 college students in four universities of science and technology, medical science, general education and finance in Shanxi province. Results The number distribution of people in different stages of physical exercise was inverted U as a whole, with the largest number of people in intention stage (32.8%) and preparation stage (23.5%), with the least number of people in intention stage (21.0%) and maintenance stage (7.9%). There were significant differences among the four dimensions of college students physical activity attitude scale, behavioral cognition, emotional experience and behavioral control (F = 5.49, 8.31, 6.78, 5.75, P < 0.01), and college students in finance and economics had the poorest physical exercise. Except for mutual assistance, the changes of physical exercise in college students in four categories all have statistical significance (P <0.01), and the scores of college students in financial and economic colleges are the worst. Conclusion When implementing behavioral interventions, combining with the behavioral orientation theory of health behaviors can effectively change the physical exercise behaviors of college students. However, the influencing factors such as gender and specialty must be considered.