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采用ISSR分子标记对广西甜茶(Rubus suavissimus S.Lee)种质资源的遗传多样性进行分析。14条引物在4个广西甜茶种群总共85个个体上共检测到164个位点,其中多态性位点148个,多态位点百分率(PPL)为90.24%,物种水平Nei氏基因多样性指数(H_e)和香农多样性指数(H_o)分别为0.2514和0.3875,表现出较高的遗传多样性;而在种群水平上,PPL为57.32%~68.90%(均值为61.74%),H_e为0.1831~0.2161(均值为0.1958),H_o为0.2776~0.3264(均值为0.2956),遗传多样性为中等偏低水平。Nei氏遗传多样性分析和AMOVA分析表明,广西甜茶的遗传变异主要存在于种群内,但其种群间存在极显著的遗传变异(P<0.01),其种群遗传分化达到极大水平(Φ_(st)=0.262>0.25)。Mantel检测表明,种群间的遗传距离和地理距离之间存在显著相关性(r=0.967,P<0.05)。UPGMA聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)结果一致,4个广西甜茶种群可分成2个遗传分支。鉴于广西甜茶在种群水平上表现出中等偏低的遗传多样性水平,且其生境受到破坏以及野生资源受到滥挖乱采,广西甜茶面临种群退化的威胁,对其应加强保护,做到保护和利用并举。
Genetic diversity of germplasm resources of Rubus suavissimus S. Lee was analyzed by ISSR molecular markers. A total of 164 primers were detected in 14 individuals of 4 sweet tea populations in Guangxi, including 148 polymorphic loci (PPL) and 90.24% of the polymorphic loci (PPL). The Nei’s gene diversity The index (H_e) and Shannon’s diversity index (H_o) were 0.2514 and 0.3875, respectively, showing high genetic diversity. On the population level, the PPL was 57.32% -68.90% (mean was 61.74%), H_e was 0.1831 ~ 0.2161 (mean value 0.1958), H_o was 0.2776 ~ 0.3264 (mean was 0.2956), and the genetic diversity was moderately low. Nei’s genetic diversity analysis and AMOVA analysis showed that the genetic variation of sweet tea mainly existed in the population, but there was a significant genetic variation among the populations (P <0.01), and the population genetic differentiation reached a very high level (Φ_ (st ) = 0.262> 0.25). Mantel test showed that there was a significant correlation between genetic distance and geographical distance (r = 0.967, P <0.05). UPGMA cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA) results are consistent, four Guangxi sweet tea populations can be divided into two genetic branches. In view of the moderately low level of genetic diversity at the population level, and the destruction of its habitat and the indiscriminate exploitation of wild resources, Guangxi sweet tea is threatened by population degeneration and should be protected and protected Use simultaneously.