目的目的了解广州某汽车制造企业存在的主要职业危害和工人的健康状况,以便及时发现存在的问题,提出合理化建议。方法使用流行病学现况研究方法于2008年11月对某汽车制造企业进行职业危害因素监测和工人健康体检。结果该企业的主要职业有害因素是噪声、电焊烟尘、其它有毒化合物等,作业场所噪声强度和空气中其它粉尘浓度合格率分别为57%、86%,其余均符合国家职业卫生标准。工人慢性咽炎、心电图异常、慢性鼻炎和脂肪肝患病率分别为37.7%、25.7%、11.3%和10.9%。噪声接触工人较非接触工人听力明显下降(x2=13.409,P<0.001),接触粉尘工人慢性鼻炎患病率显著高于非接触工人(x2=3.905,P=0.048);电焊作业工人尿锰明显高于非电焊工人(x2=47.477,P<0.001)。结论结论噪声是该企业最严重的职业危害因素,对接触工人造成了听力受损,该指标和工龄的增长呈正比,存在着剂量-反应的关系,值得重视,同时应加强对粉尘和电焊烟尘接触工人的健康体检。 Objective To understand the major occupational hazards and the health status of workers in a car manufacturing enterprise in Guangzhou in order to find out the problems in time and put forward reasonable suggestions. Methods Using epidemiological research methods in November 2008 on a car manufacturing enterprises for occupational hazards and occupational health examination. Results The main occupational hazards of the enterprise were noise, welding fume and other toxic compounds. The passing rate of noise in the workplace and other dust concentrations in the air were 57% and 86% respectively, and the rest were in line with the national occupational health standards. The prevalence rates of chronic pharyngitis, abnormal ECG, chronic rhinitis and fatty liver in workers were 37.7%, 25.7%, 11.3% and 10.9% respectively. Compared with non-contact workers, noise exposure workers significantly decreased hearing (x2 = 13.409, P <0.001). The prevalence of chronic rhinitis among workers exposed to dust was significantly higher than that of non-contact workers (x2 = 3.905, P = 0.048) Higher than non-welded workers (x2 = 47.477, P <0.001). Conclusion Conclusion Noise is the most serious occupational hazard in the enterprise, causing hearing impairment to exposed workers. The index is proportional to the growth of seniority and there is a dose-response relationship that deserves attention. At the same time, it is necessary to strengthen the protection against dust and welding fumes Health workers in contact with the physical examination.