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20世纪60～70年代中期,伊朗政府大力发展石油工业,石油收入从1964年的5.5亿美元猛增到1974年的230亿美元。1962～1970年,伊朗国民经济的平均增长率为8%,1973～1978年的年均增长率为6.9%。在巨额石油收入的保障下,伊朗的国力和国际地位迅速提升,国家基础设施和工业得到了长足的发展,伊朗迅速从农业经济国变成石油经济国。经济现代化步伐过快,盲目地投资,以及对石油收入过度依赖,使国民经济陷入混乱状态,导致民众从期望到失望。石油经济还造成贫富差异加大,贪污浪费严重和东西方意识形态及文化生活激烈冲突等问题,加剧了社会与国家之间的矛盾,从而引发了1979年伊斯兰革命。
From the mid-1960s to the mid-1970s, the Iranian government made great efforts to develop the oil industry. Its oil revenues soared from 550 million U.S. dollars in 1964 to 23 billion U.S. dollars in 1974. From 1962 to 1970, Iran’s national economy grew at an average rate of 8% and its average annual growth rate from 1973 to 1978 was 6.9%. Under the protection of huge oil revenues, Iran’s national strength and international status have been rapidly upgraded. The country’s infrastructure and industry have made considerable progress. Iran has rapidly transformed itself from an agricultural economy into an oil economy. The rapid pace of economic modernization, blind investment, and over-reliance on oil revenues have plunged the national economy into chaos, causing the public to despair from expectation. The oil economy also caused the disparity between the rich and the poor, the grave corruption and the serious conflicts between East and West ideology and cultural life, aggravating the contradictions between the society and the country, which led to the 1979 Islamic revolution.