“读”.这是学习书本知识的起码要求。首先要学会扫清阅读的文字障碍;其次,要学会理解课文的内容和思路,分析出课文中的论点和论据,掌握课文中的主要事实和原理。“思”。要学会科学地思维,掌握思维的结构、思维规律(包括辩证思维规律)和思维方法.如:三段论式、矛盾对立统一规律、归纳和演绎等.“问”.指讨论问题(包括问、议、争)。这是学习的一种方法,也是学习的一种良好习惯,它的基础是学习责任感。学问就是要问,要问个水落石出,以至“议论”“争论”达到弄清学问的目的.“练”.正确的认识路线是知行结合.在书本学习中“行”主要是指练习。学科不同,练习要求也不同:理科有运用基本原理、基本公式推理和运算练习;语文和外语有“听、说”练习;生物、地 “Read”. This is the minimum requirement for learning book knowledge. First of all, we must learn to clear the barriers to reading; Second, we must learn to understand the content and ideas of the text, analyze the arguments and arguments in the text, and master the main facts and principles in the text. “think”. We must learn to think scientifically and master the structure of thinking, the laws of thinking (including the laws of dialectical thinking), and the methods of thinking. For example, the three-segment theory, the law of the unity of contradictions, induction, and deduction, etc. “question” refers to the discussion of issues (including questions and discussion). Contend). This is a method of learning and a good habit of learning. It is based on a sense of responsibility. Learning is to ask, to ask questions, to “talk” and “argument” to clear the purpose of learning. “Lian”. The correct line of understanding is the combination of knowledge and practice. In the study of books, “walk” mainly refers to practice. Different disciplines, different practice requirements: Science has basic principles, basic formula reasoning and calculation exercises; language and foreign languages ​​have “listening and speaking” exercises; biological, earth