政府退出土地一级开发,既是削减权力、加大监督、遏制腐败需要,也是转变政府职能、避免暴力拆迁的需要。土地一级开发市场化是大趋势,但市场化并不意味着政府完全退出。土地的开发是涉及广大人民群众切身利益的事情,并非一个纯粹的私人品市场。由于土地综合属性中的“公共性”一面,政府不可能完全退出土地一级开发。 The government’s withdrawal from the land at the first-level development not only reduces power, increases supervision and curbs corruption needs, but also changes the government’s functions and avoids the need for violent demolition. Market-oriented development of land is a general trend, but marketization does not mean that the government completely withdraws. The development of the land is a matter involving the vital interests of the broad masses of the people, not a purely private goods market. Due to the “commonality” in the land’s general attributes, it is impossible for the government to completely withdraw from land development.