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目的通过分析接触二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)某企业岗前和岗中人群体检结果,为该人群的健康监护提供动态观察依据,预防职业病的发生。方法选取某企业DMF岗位的岗前109人和岗中120人,按照卫生部GBZ188—2014《职业健康监护技术规范》的要求进行血压、尿常规、心电图、血常规、B超、肝功能和尿中DMF、NMF检查,并对体检结果进行统计学分析。结果岗中工人的心电图异常率明显高于岗前工人,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=7.933,P<0.05);2组人群血压、尿常规异常率差异均无统计学意义(χ~2值分别为3.427、0.029,P>0.05)。岗中工人班后尿中NMF和DMF的检出率分别为100%和26.67%,浓度分别为0.612 mg/L~20.371 mg/L、0.210 mg/L~4.235 mg/L,平均浓度分别为3.631 mg/L±5.043 mg/L、0.457 mg/L±1.271 mg/L。结论应加强二甲基甲酰胺接触人群的管理,定期进行职业健康检查,早发现、早治疗,预防职业病的发生。
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the physical examination results of pre-job and post-employment people in an enterprise contacted with dimethylformamide (DMF) to provide dynamic observation basis for the health supervision of this population and prevent the occurrence of occupational diseases. Methods A total of 109 pre-job and post-office workers in a DMF-based company were selected. Blood pressure, urinalysis, electrocardiogram, blood tests, B-ultrasound, liver function and urinalysis were performed according to the requirements of GBZ188-2014 “Technical Specifications for Occupational Health Care” In DMF, NMF examination, and physical examination results for statistical analysis. Results The abnormal rate of electrocardiogram in workers was significantly higher than that in preganglionic workers (χ ~ 2 = 7.933, P <0.05). There was no significant difference in the abnormal rate of blood pressure and urine among two groups (χ ~ 2 values were 3.427,0.029, P> 0.05). The post-shift urine NMF and DMF detection rates were 100% and 26.67%, respectively, with concentrations ranging from 0.612 mg / L to 20.371 mg / L and 0.210 mg / L to 4.235 mg / L, respectively, with mean concentrations of 3.631 mg / L ± 5.043 mg / L, 0.457 mg / L ± 1.271 mg / L. Conclusion The management of dimethylformamide exposure groups should be strengthened, regular occupational health examination, early detection and early treatment should be conducted to prevent occupational diseases.