清代著名学者洪亮吉在他的《治平篇》中,提出了国家承平日久,社会安定,带来了人口急剧增长与经济发展不相适应的社会问题。这一观点,无论从当时或现在来看,都是颇有见地的。那么,洪亮吉何以能有这样的认识呢?这里需要对清代前期的历史和经济发展状况作一番考察。清初,由于明季丧乱,战火连年,以致户口凋残,土地荒芜。根据顺治十八年的统计,当时的耕地面积有五百四十九万多顷,而人口只有一千九百二十多万。随着清帝国疆域的不断扩大,人丁稀少。赋税不足的情况愈觉严重,因此清初几位统治者(康、雍、乾)为了发 Hong Liangji, a famous scholar in the Qing Dynasty, proposed in his “Poverty Alleviation Papers” that he proposed that the country will last for a long time and social stability will bring about the social problems that the rapid population growth and economic development do not meet. This view, both from the present or the present, is quite insightful. So why is Hongliangji aware of this? We need to make some observations on the history and economic development of the early Qing Dynasty. At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, due to the unrest in the Ming Dynasty and the war years after year, the account wilted and the land was deserted. According to statistics of Shunzhi for eighteen years, there were over 5.49 million hectares of arable land and a population of only 19.2 million. With the continuous expansion of the territory of the Qing Empire, sparsely populated. In the early Qing dynasty, several rulers (Kang, Yong and Qian)