物质智能

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从数字孪生到元宇宙,一系列新兴概念映射出一种混合现实条件下的建筑设计与体验的未来.在这一趋势下,建筑学所依托的将会是物质智能还是非物质智能?传统物质空间与虚拟智能技术之间的关系是走向分离共存,亦或是融合共生?在设计层面,(新)材料本身的物质智能属性是建立起建筑师与建筑物之间全新的对话关系,还是培育出物质形式以及空间认知的全新交互方式?在建造层面,非物质智能技术能否为建筑设计—建造一体化流程带来更多自主性和自动化的可能,进而拓宽高效、低碳、可持续等议题的全新边界?本期杂志邀请了这一领域的专家学者从不同的视角展开讨论.
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数字化技术对于建筑“物质性”的影响是我们思考当下建筑设计与建造、考察数字化技术在物质或非物质层面对建筑领域智能化的影响、剖析技术文化场域不可或缺的重要维度,却也长期成为数字建筑学研究的痛点.2021年数字未来学术会议的主题“物质智能”的提出引发了袁烽和尼尔·里奇对于数字建筑物质性的再思考:数字建筑的物质性是否存在?数字化是物质性或是非物质性的?物质智能或非物质智能将如何挑战建筑师存在的意义?物质智能时代下,建筑师与机器的关系又该走向何方?
1 建造与绘图的剥离rn在文艺复兴早期,菲利波·伯鲁乃列斯基(F.Brunelleschi)第一次绘制可量化的透视和投影图(见图1)来指导施工,被认为是现代意义上的第一个建筑师.量化图纸的工作方式此后成为定义建筑行为的标准.建筑师与艺术家一样,在工作室中完成自己的职业实践,而施工现场的工作变得相对次要,甚至出现了没有建成项目也为社会尊崇的建筑师,比如乔凡尼·巴蒂斯塔·皮拉内西(Giovanni Battista Piranesi).皮拉内西的绘画对建筑学的影响甚至超过同时代许多终身奔波在建设工地的同行们.
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