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Sem aphorins是一大类具有保守Sem a结构域的信号蛋白。该家族分为8个亚群,目前已发现30多个成员,有分泌型、跨膜型和GPI锚定3种类型。在病毒、非脊椎动物和脊椎动物中都已发现Sem aphorins分子的存在。该家族蛋白主要有2种受体:p lexins和neurop ilins,它们对Sem aphorins功能的发挥非常重要。Sem aphorins首先是作为神经系统中一种重要的神经导向分子而被发现和认识的。起初的研究多围绕其在神经系统轴突导向中所发挥的作用而进行,发现Sem aphorins分子可以抑制或促进轴突的生长。但现在越来越多的研究表明,除了在神经系统中具有重要作用外,Sem aphorins分子在肿瘤生长、血管内皮细胞迁移、免疫反应等方面也有重要的生物学功能。Sem aphorins分子通过促进或抑制肿瘤血管发生而对肿瘤的发生发展进行调节。
Sem aphorins are a large class of signaling proteins with a conserved Sem a domain. The family is divided into eight subgroups, has now found more than 30 members, there are three types of secretion, transmembrane and GPI anchors. The presence of Sem aphorins molecules has been found in viruses, invertebrates and vertebrates. The family of proteins has two main receptors: p lexins and neurop ilins, which play a key role in the functioning of Sem aphorins. Sem aphorins were first discovered and recognized as an important neurotransmitter in the nervous system. Initial studies focused on its role in axonal guidance in the nervous system and found that Sem aphorins molecules can inhibit or promote axonal growth. However, more and more researches have shown that in addition to its important role in the nervous system, Sem aphorins also have important biological functions in tumor growth, vascular endothelial cell migration and immune response. Sem aphorins regulate tumor development by promoting or inhibiting tumor angiogenesis.