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目的了解深圳市宝石加工行业工作场所生产性粉尘及危害状况,进一步达到控制和消除宝石加工行业粉尘危害的目的。方法对本市50家宝石加工企业进行粉尘危害的职业卫生学调查、职业病危害因素检测,同时对273名宝石行业接尘人员进行职业健康检查。结果采集74个粉尘危害作业点共226份样品,43.36%的粉尘为矽尘,矽尘中游离二氧化硅百分含量中位数为38.78%;25个矽尘采样点中64.00%(16个)矽尘时间加权平均浓度超过国家职业卫生标准。440名粉尘作业人员接尘工龄中位数为2.50(0.17～19.00)年,在岗期间职业健康检查率为62.05%,粉尘危害知晓率为74.32%,防护用品正确佩戴率为79.77%,医疗保险参保率为72.50%。抽查的273名宝石行业接尘人员中未检出尘肺病或者疑似尘肺病患者。结论应加强对深圳市宝石加工行业粉尘危害的源头治理工作,防范尘肺病发生。
Objective To understand the productive dust and hazardous situation in the workplace of gem processing industry in Shenzhen and further achieve the goal of controlling and eliminating the dust hazard of the gem processing industry. Methods Fifty gemstone processing enterprises in our city were investigated for dust hazard, occupational hazards and occupational hazards. Meanwhile, occupational health examination was conducted on 273 dust-contact persons in the gem industry. Results A total of 226 dust samples were collected from 74 sites, 43.36% dust was silica dust, the median percentage of free silica in silica dust was 38.78%, 64.00% (16) ) The weighted average concentration of silica dust over the national occupational health standards. The median occupational exposure of 440 dust workers was 2.50 (0.17-19.00) years, occupational health check-in rate was 62.05%, dust hazard awareness rate was 74.32%, protective equipment was 79.77% correctly, medical insurance The insurance rate is 72.50%. Spot checks of 273 gem industry dust-free personnel were not detected in patients with pneumoconiosis or suspected pneumoconiosis. Conclusion It is necessary to strengthen the source control of dust hazards in the gem processing industry in Shenzhen and prevent the occurrence of pneumoconiosis.