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HCV高度的遗传变异性和宿主对HCV较弱的免疫反应能力,严重影响机体产生高效、广泛和持久的免疫反应清除病毒,而且目前缺乏有效的HCV的细胞培养模型和动物模型,从而阻碍了HCV疫苗的研制进程。目前的HCV疫苗类型包括合成肽疫苗、蛋白疫苗、DNA疫苗、载体疫苗和基于病毒样颗粒的疫苗,分别进入了不同的研制阶段。本文总结了HCV感染的免疫学进展,并主要对各种候选HCV疫苗,如重组蛋白疫苗、合成肽(抗原表位)疫苗、DNA疫苗、病毒载体疫苗和HCV病毒样颗粒疫苗以及佐剂的研究进展进行综述,总结了HCV疫苗研制过程中面临的免疫学挑战,并提出了HCV疫苗研制的参考思路。
The high genetic variability of HCV and host’s weak immune response to HCV severely affect the body to produce an efficient, broad-based and long-lasting immune response to eradicate the virus and there is currently no valid HCV cell culture model and animal model that hinders HCV Vaccine development process. Current types of HCV vaccines include synthetic peptide vaccines, protein vaccines, DNA vaccines, vector vaccines and virus-like particle-based vaccines that are entering different stages of development. This article summarizes the immunological advances in HCV infection and focuses on studies of various candidate HCV vaccines such as recombinant protein vaccines, synthetic peptide (epitope) vaccines, DNA vaccines, viral vector vaccines and HCV virus-like particle vaccines and adjuvants Summarize the immunological challenges in the development of HCV vaccine and put forward the reference ideas for the development of HCV vaccine.