选择最佳的大洋航线,即在保障船只安全航行条件下使船时最短,是提高船队赢利和工作效率的方法之一。而选择安全有利的大洋航线,又与风速和风向、波高、波长和波周期、表层流速和流向等密切相关。风和浪是影响航海的最重要因素。风对船只的直接作用,可改变航向或使船只打转和倾斜。暴风浪能使船速降低,使船只摆动,产生危险倾斜,並使船体和机械承受很大的负载, Choosing the best ocean-going route, that is, ensuring the shortest possible time for securing the safe navigation of a ship, is one way to enhance the profitability and efficiency of the fleet. The selection of a safe and favorable ocean route is closely related to wind speed and direction, wave height, wavelength and wave period, surface flow rate and flow direction. Wind and waves are the most important factors affecting sailing. The direct effect of the wind on the vessel can change the course or make the ship revolve and tilt. Storm waves can reduce the speed of the ship, swing the ship, create dangerous inclinations, and subject the hull and machinery to heavy loads,