Background::Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a series of severe complications in the perioperative and anesthetic periods with a decline in memory, execution ability, and information processing speed as the primary clinical manifestation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of edaravone (EDA) on PND and peripheral blood C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels in elderly patients with hip replacement.Methods::A total of 160 elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty in Affiliated Dongguan People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University (from March 2016 to March 2018) were randomly and double-blindly categorized into an EDA group and a control group (CON). Group EDA was administered intravenously EDA 30 min before surgery, and group CON was administered intravenously saline. The cognitive function of the two groups was evaluated 1-day before the operation and at 1 and 12 months after surgery, and the incidence of post-operative delirium was tested on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery using the Chinese version of the confusion assessment method. Serum CXCL13 and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were measured before anesthesia, during surgery (30 min after skin incision), and on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery. The continuous variables in accordance with normal distribution were tested using the Student’s n t test, the continuous variables without normal distribution using the Mann-Whitney n U test, and categorical variables by the n χ2 test or Fisher exact test.n Results::The incidence of post-operative delirium within 7 days after surgery was significantly higher in group CON than that in group EDA (31.3% n vs. 15.0%, n t=-5.6, n P < 0.001). The modified telephone interview for cognitive status and activities of daily life scores were significantly higher in the group EDA than those in the group CON at 1 month (39.63 ± 4.35 n vs. 33.63 ± 5.81, n t = -2.13, n P < 0.05 and 74.3 ± 12.6 n vs. 61.2 ± 13.1, n t = -1.69, n P < 0.05) and 12 months (40.13 ± 5.93 n vs. 34.13 ± 5.36, n t = -3.37, n P < 0.05 and 79.6 ± 11.7 n vs. 65.6 ± 16.6, n t= -2.08, n P < 0.05) after surgery; and the incidence of neurocognitive dysfunction was significantly lower in the group EDA than that in the group CON ( n P < 0.05). Serum CXCL13 and IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower in the group EDA than those in the group CON during and after surgery ( n P < 0.05).n Conclusion::EDA can significantly reduce the serum concentrations of CXCL13 and IL-6 and improve the PND of patients.“,”Background::Perioperative neurocognitive disorders (PND) are a series of severe complications in the perioperative and anesthetic periods with a decline in memory, execution ability, and information processing speed as the primary clinical manifestation. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of edaravone (EDA) on PND and peripheral blood C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 13 (CXCL13) levels in elderly patients with hip replacement.Methods::A total of 160 elderly patients undergoing hip arthroplasty in Affiliated Dongguan People’s Hospital of Southern Medical University (from March 2016 to March 2018) were randomly and double-blindly categorized into an EDA group and a control group (CON). Group EDA was administered intravenously EDA 30 min before surgery, and group CON was administered intravenously saline. The cognitive function of the two groups was evaluated 1-day before the operation and at 1 and 12 months after surgery, and the incidence of post-operative delirium was tested on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery using the Chinese version of the confusion assessment method. Serum CXCL13 and interleukin (IL)-6 concentrations were measured before anesthesia, during surgery (30 min after skin incision), and on days 1, 3, and 7 after surgery. The continuous variables in accordance with normal distribution were tested using the Student’s n t test, the continuous variables without normal distribution using the Mann-Whitney n U test, and categorical variables by the n χ2 test or Fisher exact test.n Results::The incidence of post-operative delirium within 7 days after surgery was significantly higher in group CON than that in group EDA (31.3% n vs. 15.0%, n t=-5.6, n P < 0.001). The modified telephone interview for cognitive status and activities of daily life scores were significantly higher in the group EDA than those in the group CON at 1 month (39.63 ± 4.35 n vs. 33.63 ± 5.81, n t = -2.13, n P < 0.05 and 74.3 ± 12.6 n vs. 61.2 ± 13.1, n t = -1.69, n P < 0.05) and 12 months (40.13 ± 5.93 n vs. 34.13 ± 5.36, n t = -3.37, n P < 0.05 and 79.6 ± 11.7 n vs. 65.6 ± 16.6, n t= -2.08, n P < 0.05) after surgery; and the incidence of neurocognitive dysfunction was significantly lower in the group EDA than that in the group CON ( n P < 0.05). Serum CXCL13 and IL-6 concentrations were significantly lower in the group EDA than those in the group CON during and after surgery ( n P < 0.05).n Conclusion::EDA can significantly reduce the serum concentrations of CXCL13 and IL-6 and improve the PND of patients.