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目的了解安徽省农村地区老年人孤独感及其影响因素。方法用多阶段分层整群抽样的方法,于2014年7月在安徽省抽取3个城市的19个行政村,筛选出符合标准的共计2 642名60岁以上农村老年人。采用UCLA孤独量表、SF-36简明健康调查量表及反映社会支持水平的相关条目对上述老年人进行孤独感及影响因素的调查。结果安徽农村老年人总体孤独感得分为(38.72±8.03)分,并且孤独感普遍较强,老年人孤独感水平性别差异无统计学意义。Pearson积差相关分析结果显示躯体健康维度与躯体健康维度得分间的相关系数为0.715。躯体健康维度与孤独感得分间的相关系数为-0.198。心理健康维度与UCLA得分间的相关系数为-0.353。最优尺度回归分析结果显示,精力、与邻居关系、社会功能、关系密切朋友数、情感职能等是影响孤独感得分的主要因素。结论安徽省农村老年人的总体孤独感评分较高,且影响老年人孤独感的因素较多,保持良好的躯体健康与心理状态可以有效的减轻孤独感,应针对性地采取相关干预措施,降低老年人孤独感。
Objective To understand the sense of loneliness of the elderly in rural areas of Anhui Province and its influencing factors. Methods A multistage stratified cluster sampling method was used to collect 19 administrative villages in 3 cities in Anhui Province in July 2014 and screen a total of 2 642 rural elders over the age of 60 who meet the standards. Using the UCLA loneliness scale, the SF-36 Concise Health Questionnaire, and the related articles that reflect the level of social support, we investigated the above-mentioned loneliness and its influential factors. Results The scores of overall loneliness in the rural elderly in Anhui Province were (38.72 ± 8.03) points, and the loneliness was generally high. There was no significant difference in the level of loneliness among the elderly. Correlation analysis of Pearson product showed that the correlation coefficient between physical health dimension and physical health dimension score was 0.715. The correlation coefficient between physical health dimension and loneliness score was -0.198. The correlation coefficient between the mental health dimension and the UCLA score was -0.353. The results of the best-scale regression analysis showed that energy, relationship with neighbors, social function, number of close friends and emotional function were the main factors affecting the score of loneliness. Conclusion The overall sense of loneliness in rural elderly in Anhui Province is high, and there are many factors that affect the sense of loneliness in the elderly. To maintain good physical health and mental state can effectively alleviate the sense of loneliness. Relevant intervention measures should be taken to reduce Seniors loneliness.