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目的了解学龄前儿童上臂围及其与身高、体重的相关性,以便对儿童营养状况评价指标加以充实。方法选取广州市某幼儿园3~7岁儿童531名进行身高、体重、上臂围的测量,并用百分位法和Z评分法评价学龄前儿童营养状况。结果男女儿童上臂围差异无统计学意义(t=1.033,P>0.05),不同年龄儿童的上臂围差异有统计学意义(F=23.67,P<0.01)。用上臂围百分位法评价,3岁组男童营养不良、6岁组儿童肥胖检出率较高;用年龄别身高Z评分法评价,6岁组男童营养不良的检出率最高(19.2%);身高别体重Z评分法对5岁组儿童营养不良和肥胖的检出率最高。上臂围与身高、体重及Z评分均有显著相关(P值均<0.01)。以年龄别身高、身高别体重为参照,上臂围临界值为15.5cm时,敏感度(90.9%,41.7%)、特异度(71.3%,70.6%)均较高。结论上臂围是评价儿童生长发育和营养状况实用的指标,但需要适合的标准以及对测量人员进行严格的培训。
Objective To understand the upper arm circumference of pre-school children and their correlation with height and weight so as to enrich the evaluation indicators of children’s nutritional status. Methods A total of 531 children from 3 to 7 years old from a kindergarten in Guangzhou were selected for measurement of height, weight and upper arm circumference. The nutritional status of preschool children was evaluated by percentile method and Z score method. Results There was no significant difference in upper arm circumference between male and female children (t = 1.033, P> 0.05). The upper arm circumference difference was statistically significant in different age groups (F = 23.67, P <0.01). With upper arm circumference percentile evaluation, 3-year-old boy malnutrition, 6-year-old children higher prevalence of obesity; Z score by age and height evaluation, 6-year-old boy malnutrition highest detection rate 19.2%). The height-weighted Z-score method had the highest detection rate of malnutrition and obesity in 5-year-old children. Upper arm circumference was significantly associated with height, weight and Z score (P <0.01). Sensitivity (90.9%, 41.7%) and specificity (71.3%, 70.6%) were all higher when the upper arm circumference was 15.5 cm, taking height and height as reference. Conclusion The upper arm circumference is a useful indicator for assessing children’s growth and nutritional status, but requires appropriate standards and rigorous training of surveyors.