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社会科学的理论假设必须与社会现实保持逻辑和历史的一致,但是,新古典经济学有关人类行为的三个基本前提——经济人、完全理性和完全信息——都是静态抽象的,其中,经济人是核心假设,完全理性是初始步骤假设,而完全信息则是外围假设。因此,沿着这三条路径进行假设拓宽就是现代经济学发展的基本方向,其中最为重要的是对经济人假设进行修正和完善。但迄今为止,主流经济研究基本上都是沿着后两条路径发展的。究其原因主要有二:大多数主流学者担心,对经济人这一核心假设的大幅度修改,不但使得当前经济学的任务过于艰巨,也可能颠覆经济学的整个体系;主流经济学家坚持认为,理论本身就是抽象化的,用不着非要符合现实。但显然,这两条理由都很牵强:理论发展本身就是在苛求和批判的基础上发展的;学术的探究本身是艰辛的;真正合理的抽象必然是反映社会的实际和发展的抽象。
The theoretical assumptions of the social sciences must be consistent with the social reality in terms of logic and history. However, the three basic premises of neoclassical economics concerning human behavior - economic man, complete rationality and complete information - are both static and abstract. Among them, Economic man is the core assumption, complete rationality is the initial step hypothesis, and complete information is the peripheral hypothesis. Therefore, the hypothesis broadening along these three paths is the basic direction for the development of modern economics, and the most important one is to correct and perfect the hypothesis of economic man. So far, however, mainstream economic research has basically followed the last two paths. There are two main reasons for this. Most mainstream scholars worry that the drastic revision of the core hypothesis of economic man will not only make the current task of economics too arduous, but may also subvert the whole system of economics. Mainstream economists insist The theory itself is abstract and does not need to be realistic. Obviously, both of these reasons are far-fetched: the development of the theory itself has developed on the basis of rigor and criticism; the exploration of the academic itself is arduous; and the truly reasonable abstraction must be an abstraction that reflects the reality and development of society.