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近代国内外锡的精炼方法主要有三种:即火法精炼(包括加剂精炼、螺旋结晶、离心除铁),真空精炼和电解精炼。其中以火法精炼为主,国外真空精炼已逐渐被广泛应用,电解精炼只有在特殊需要时,特别是贵金属含量较高时才使用。因此粗锡电解精炼不像其它重有色金属那样得到广泛应用。与铜、镍、铅、锌水溶液电解不同,粗锡电解的添加剂不仅品种多、数量大,而且必须解决多方面问题,因此比较复杂。本文拟在试验及生产的基础上,对部份添加剂的作用机理进行讨论。
Modern tin refining methods at home and abroad are mainly three kinds: the fire refining (including additive refining, spiral crystallization, centrifugal iron removal), vacuum refining and electrolytic refining. Among them, pyrometallurgy is the main method, and overseas vacuum refining has been widely used. Electrolytic refining is only used for special needs, especially when the precious metal content is high. Therefore, crude tin electrolytic refining is not as widely used as other heavy non-ferrous metals. Unlike copper, nickel, lead and zinc electrolytes, additives for crude tin electrolysis are not only large in number but large in number, and must be solved in many ways, making them more complicated. In this paper, we will discuss the mechanism of some additives on the basis of experiment and production.